The adult human
skeletal system consists of 206 bones, as well as a network of tendons,
ligaments and cartilage that connects them. The skeletal system performs vital
functions — support, movement, protection, blood cell production, calcium
storage and endocrine regulation — that enable us to survive. Human infants are
born with about 270 bones, some of which fuse together as the body develops. By
the time we reach adulthood, we have 206 bones.
Types of
Bones
All of the bones of the body can be broken down into five types: long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid.
·
Long. Long
bones are longer than they are wide and are the major bones of the limbs. Long
bones grow more than the other classes of bone throughout childhood and so are
responsible for the bulk of our height as adults. A hollow medullary cavity is
found in the center of long bones and serves as a storage area for bone marrow.
Examples of long bones include the femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals, and
phalanges.
·
Short. Short
bones are about as long as they are wide and are often cubed or round in shape.
The carpal bones of the wrist and the tarsal bones of the foot are examples of
short bones.
·
Flat. Flat
bones vary greatly in size and shape, but have the common feature of being very
thin in one direction. Because they are thin, flat bones do not have a
medullary cavity like the long bones. The frontal, parietal, and occipital bones of the cranium—along with the ribs and hip bones—are
all examples of flat bones.
·
Irregular. Irregular bones have a shape that does not fit the
pattern of the long, short, or flat bones. The vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx of
the spine—as well as the sphenoid, ethmoid, and zygomatic bones of the skull—are all irregular bones.
·
Sesamoid.
The sesamoid bones are formed after birth inside of tendons that run across
joints. Sesamoid bones grow to protect the tendon from stresses and strains at
the joint and can help to give a mechanical advantage to muscles pulling on the
tendon. The patella and the pisiform bone of the carpals are the only sesamoid bones that are
counted as part of the 206 bones of the body. Other sesamoid bones can form in
the joints of the hands and feet, but are not present in all people.
The Human Skeleton
lol, look at that skeleton head
ReplyDeletelols
ReplyDeletesee these anonymous people o
ReplyDeleteMr.Victor Thank you very much.
ReplyDeleteYou're Welcome.
Delete